Bore-hole apparatus



May lv. 1.928.v

T. ZALUSKI nous HOLE APPARATUS med Abrir s. 192s 0 Fig. 2.

2 'Shouf-Shed l my 1, lsza T. ZALUSKI BORE HOLE APPARA'IQS Filed Avril 3. 1925 2 Santa-Shui 2 `Patented May 1, 1928,

UNITED STATES TADEUBZ ZALUSXI, Ol' LWOW,4 POLAND.

4noaa-Ironia. APrAnA'rUs.

Applicationled April 3, 1926, vSerial lo.

Bore-hole apparatus of the rotary type which are secured against turning, in the bore-hole by means* of clamping guides are known, but all these suffer from the drawback that they are only centered in the borehole at one place, namely, by means of the .clamping guides themselves. In consequence, it may easily happen thatdevices of this kind do not bore exactly straight or perpendicular bore-holes, especially 1n the case of oblique strata intercepted by rock.

The subject of the present invention is a bore-hole apparatus which eliminates the above drawback inasmuch as it is centered at three places in the bore-hole, namely, by means of a separate slidable central drill bit, medial clamping guides displac'eable away from `one another, and upper clamping members likewise displaceable away from one another. In this way according to the invention, a secure immovable position of the bore-hole apparatus in boring is ensured, the saidboring apparatus belng centered below, in the middle, and above, so 25 that a lateral displacement is impossible even w'itlnthe most unfavourable strata.

The present invention is characterized by the feature that the centering at all three places is effected automatically by Ithe action of the weight ofthe individual arts when the suspending cable is slackene and that when the suspending cable is rendered taut, the clamping devices in the bore-hole are likewise automatically put out of action. The new bore-hole apparatus is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fi l shows the apparatus inthe lowest position in the bore-hole in side elevation. Fig. 2 is 'a longitudinal section through the bore-hole apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section to a larger scale through lthe gear box between the electro-motor and the driving shaft.

Figs. 4 and 5 show another constructional example of the invention in which the med dial centering is effected in another way.

Fig. 6 is a lon itudinal section throu h the clamping gui es shown in Fig. 2, in cat-ing. more closely the mode of operation of these uides. v

Fig. 7 1s a cross section throu h Fi'g. 6 to a larger scale, on the line VII--gVIL The little drill bit 1, whichV serves for centering and acts as a pilot borer, is arranged. slidably but not rotatably in the 99,854, and in Germany February 28, 1m.

boring chuck 8. -It is provided with wedgeshaped slots 2 in whlch the wedge-shaped end surfaces of the radiall guided bonn head members 3 engage. he boring head 60 members 3 are guided in radial uides 4 of the borinfchuck 8 and are he d together by a spiral tension spring (not shown 1n the drawing) which engages inthe recess 5 similarly to the spring 19" in Fig. 7 in such 65 a manner that the boring head members have the tendency to move inwards. If the centeringv drill bit 1, is in the position' shown in the drawing, the boring head members 3 are separated to the greatest extent radially. On the other hand, 1f the drill bit 1 is in its initial position in which it is pushed downward with respect to the chuck 8, then the boring head members 3 are drawn together inwardly. The drill bit 1 is provided 75 with a projection 7 at the end of the `wedgeshaped slot by means of which it is held on to the boring head members and cannot fall out. The drill bit 1 is also provided with a tubular aperture 6 for the passage of the 30 cleansing water.

The boring chuck 8 is attached by means of `a conicalscrew 9 to the weight 10 which in turn is screwed tight in the lower part 14S of the ball bearing 15 .by means of a conical 85 screw 13, the u per part 16 of said bearing resting on the caring and being under the action of the helical compression spring 42. The yboring chuck 8 as well as the weight 10 are provided with internalv tubular apertures which serve for the passage of the cleansing water during the boring. The end of the driving shaft 21 is arranged within the weight 10 and is rovided at its lower end with keys 11 whic are guided in axial 95 grooves 12 of the weight 10. AIn this way, the driving shaft 21 is connected with the weight 10 in such a manner that the dis placement of the two arts with respect to one another in an axia direction is ossible, 100 whereas rotation of the shaft 21 re ative to the weight 10 is rendered impossible. The driving shaft 21 is likewise furnished with a central tubular a erture 29 which serves for the passage of t e cleansin water. The upper part 16 of the ba l bearing 15 has Van upwardly extending prolongation which is provided with ooves in which keys 17 engage', said keys eing arran ed in lthe lower part- 18 of the clamping evice. 11 The result of this is that the part 18 is slidable with regard to the upper part of the ball bearing but is not rotatable. The pressure spring 42 rests with its u per end on the lower surface of the part 18 1n consequence of which the parts 16 and 18 tend to separate themselves from ,one another axially.

The lower part` 18 of the clamping device is provided with a conical upper surface which engages with corresponding conical' inner surfaces on the lower ends of the clam ing guides 20. The clamping guides 20, our of which according to Figures 1 and 2, are provided at the periphery. are drawn towards one another by means of sprin members 19. At the upper ends of the c amping guides 20 conical inner surfaces are likewise formed in which the conical lower part of the connecting iece engages as soon as' the part 25 is lsplaced downwardly with regard to the part 18 which is rendered possible, by the cylindri` cal guide at the u per end of the part.18. The conical end o the part 25 is provided with an upturned portion which allows the conical lower part to operate as a hook. This .hook serves for engagementfwith the hookshaped ends 24 of the clamping guides 2O when4 the part 25 is moved upwardly. In

. order to permit of a relative displacement of the hook-shaped ends 24 with regard to the part 25. the part 25 is provided with corresponding recess portions 26. The upper part of the driving shaft 21 is mounted in the part 25 in such a manner that the shaft 21 can move axially relative to 25.

The gear box 28 is firmly attached to the part 25 by means of a conical screw 27 and serves as a speed reducing gear for the transmission of the rotary motion of the electromotor 33 to the driving shaft 21. The gear box 28 is shown on a larger scale in Figure 3. The shaft 31 of the electro-motor 33 passes through the upper wall 4 8 of the gear ox 28 and is provided with asmall pinion 81 which engages with two toothed wheels 49 which are constructed as cylindrical toothed wheels combined with conical toothed wheels. The conical teeth of the toothed wheels 49 engage with two bevel wheels 50 which in turn are in engagement with the bevel wheel 51, the hub of which is provided with a square hole which rests on the square end of the driving shaft 21. The shaft 21 is vprovided with a tubular aperture 29 reaching up to the top which serves for the passage of the cleansing water., The shaft 21 is provided at its uppermost end with a conical screw bolt. 30

which serves for the screwing on of the driving tube in cases when thel bore-hole apparatus is not driven b v thc electro-motor but from above with the aid of boring rods. The electro-motor 33 is firmly fixed tothe gear box 28 by means of the conical screw portion 82.

. For the purpose of suspending the electromotor 33 from the suspending cable 41, a device is provided which consists of the part 36 rigidly attached to the electro-motor 33 said part 36 having the closure cap 38 screwed on to it by means of a conical screw. The part 36 is provided with radial openings 1n which clamping members 35 arc arranged so as to be radially slidable, said clamping members having internal wedged surfaces. In the part- 36 a rod 40 is slidably arranged which rod is provided at the top with an eyelet with which the eyelet-shaped end of the suspension cable 41 engages. The lower part of the rod 40 is provided with an extension which is slidable -in the part 36 and has a conical surface underneath, which fits into the conical recesses of the clamping members 35; The rod 40V is loaded by the weight 39. The rod itself has a tubular aperture 37 through which Ithe cable can pass which serves for the conduction of the current to the electro-motor 33 by means of the holes 34 in the eleetromotor. If the suspending cable is lowered; then therod 40 moves downwards and its conical end drives the clamping members 35 radially apart under the action of the loading weight 39.

The mode of operation of the new borehole apparatus is as follows:-

The whole device is lowered by means of the suspending cable 41 down to the bottom of the bore-hole. After the centering drill bit 1 has come into contact with the ground it penetrates in consequence of its being weighted by the weight 10 further and further into the ground. In consequence of its relative motion upwards with respect to 8 and 10, the drill bit drives the boring head members 3 upwards and the further boring operation is then effected not only by means of the pilot borer 1 but also by the boring head members 3. When the two borers 1 and 3 have arrived in their boring position the loading weight 10is put out of action and the compression spring 42 is able to act upon the part 18 of the clamping apparatus and to press it upwards. The clamping guides 2Ol are then driven apart by the cones at 18 and at 26 and the whole bore-head apparatus is 'thus held firmly 'within' the bore-hole. Afterthe 'motor together with the gear case 28 have correspondinglv moved downwards the lower conical end of the rod 40 forces the clamping members 35 outwards so that the upper end of the electro-motor is also firmly fixed with regard to the borehole. The boring operation now continues, the electro-motor 33 causing the driving shaft 21 to rotate by means of the toothed wheels 49. 50. 51 so that the said driving shaft rotates the loading weight 10 together with the drill bit 1 and the boring head until the weight 10 he., moved downwards relatively tothe driving shaft to such an extent that the keys 11 of the driving shaft 21 are moved to the upper ends of grooves 12. When this has happened, the operation of the borer ceases since there is no longer any friction between the boring .teeth and the ground. In consequence of this, the current consumption of the motor rapidly decreases which is indicated at the surface on the current measuring instruments. Notice is thus given that .the bore-hole apparatus is no longer working.

In order to put the apparatus into action again, the suspending cable 41 is slightly pulled. As a result ofthis, the clamping members 35 are first drawn inwards and then the whole apparatus is raised. The clamping guides are drawn back and are moved radially inwards by the springs 19.` During this operation the hook-shaped ends 24 of the clamping guides 20 aremoved upwards bv means of the hook-shaped lower part of the connecting piece 25. lThe lower part falls down again upon the pressure spring 42 and the weight 10 together with the chuck 8, the drill bit'and the boring head members fall'down once more so that the boring operations can commence again..

Upon lowerin once again, the c ampinr guides 20 are again pressed outwards, the c amping members 35 are again brou ht into contact with the borehole and the e ectromotor is in a position to 'actuate the boring device once again.

If the boring operations are to be lc'arried out by driving from above, the gear case 28 is vremoved and a driving tube -is screwed on to the screw 3() of the driving shaft 21. `For 'the purpose of raising, the clamping vdevice must be fixed beforehand with regard to the pipe by the aid of a nut in suchamanner that the raising of the whole device is possible.

In the constructional form illustrate-d iu Figures 4 and 5, the drill bit 1', the boring chuck .8', the boring head members 3', and the loading weight are constructed similarly to those in the first constructional example. The cap 52 is attached to the loading weight 10 by meansof-a conical screw. On this cap 52 the cap 14 is mounted in such a way that it can move axially but cannot rotate. A spring 42 maintains the two caps axially separated from one another. On the upper cap 1.4 the ball bearing is arranged, which ball bearing carries the lower part. of the clamping mechanism. The latter consists of a hollow member formed in the shape of a tube which is provided with four slots serving for the receptlon of the yclamping guides The upper part of the clamping Amechanism consists of` two cones which are connected .with one another and are provided with a prolongation which forms at the same .timethe lower wall of the suspending cable 41.

tionof the clamping mechanism so that the penetration of water through the tubular aperture for the cleansingL water of the weight 10 along the shaft into the gear box is prevented. In the gear box 28 the disc 57 is provided connected with the shaft by means of a conical screw, said 'disc serving to carry the planet gear which in this case consists entirely of spur wheels' 58. 31 is the shaft of the electro-motor which is screwed on to the. gear box by means of a cap 32. On the electro-motor 33 the part 79 is mounted by means of a conical screw.` The openings 34' as also the opening 37 in the rod 40', serve for the current connections for the electro-motor. The part 79 is provided with longitudinal slots in which the clamping members 35 are radially movable. The rod is constructed at its lower part in a cone shape and is prevented from falling out by means of the nut 38. 39 is the loading wei ht, 41', lthe suspending cable.

T e mode of operation of. the lower part of the apparatus is exactly the same as in the case of the first constructional example. The mode of operation of the middle part is as follows. After the lower drill bit has reached the ground and. has caused the boring head members to be spread outwards and after the release of the suspending cable, the whole of the part of the apparatus lying above the spring 42', commences to move downwards. After the spring has be` come correspondingly stressed the part 25 begins to move axially downwards with regard to the part 53 so that the clam ing guides 20', are spread outwards away rom one another. On pullingthe cable and after the upper clamping device has been released, the part 25fmoves upwardly with regard to the part so that the clamping guides 53 which are positively guided in the grooves are' released. The mode of operation of the upper part of the apparatus is the same as in thel previous .constructional example.

,The riving motor may also inthe case of this constructional example, be .replaced by rods or pipes by freeingA the disc 57 andthe ing head, a shaft bearing,` means for drivl the sha of another portion vof the apparatus or spreading the second clamping means after the first clamping means has been expanded.

2. A hole boring apparatus having a boring head, a shaft slidably keyed to the head, means for driving the shaft, a bearin for the shaft above the boring head, ra ally movable clamping means for the shaft bearing, upper and lower conical expanders for the clamping means, said expanders being arranged to spread the upper and lower ends of the clamps when the weight of a portion of the apparatus is sustained by the clamping means .throu h the medium of the expanders, a"v secon ex anding clamp above the first clamp, expan ing means for the second cla-mp, and a weight movable relative to other portions of the apparatus for actuating the expandin means for the second clamp after the rst clamping' means has been set.

3. A hole boring ap aratus having a-borin head, a .shaft slida ly keyed to the head, a aring for the shaft above the boring head, radially movable clamps associated with the bearin for clamping the bearing between the wa s of a hole bored bythe apparatus, clamp spreading means carried by the bearing and clamps arranged to spread the clamps by the weight of a portion of the apparatus, a motor carried by the 'bearing, driving connections between the motor and the shaft, a clam frame carried by the motor, radially mova le clamps .carried by `said frame, a weight movable in the clamp frame, and clamp spreading means on the clamps and weight.

4. A' hole boring apparatus having a boring head, a shaft slida ly keyed to the head, a bearing for the shaft above the boring head, a frame'extending from said bearing, a second bearing for the shaft longitudinally movable in the frame of the first bearing, radially movable clamps mounted in the bearing frame having inwardly extending arms at their upper and lower ends, conical surfaces on the secondbearing for expanding the clamps, a motor supported on the second bearing, and driving connections between the motor and shaft.

5. A hole boring ap aratus having a bor;v

ing head, a shaft slida ly keyed to the head,

a bearing for the shaft above the boring head, a frame extending from said bearing, a second bearing for the shaft longitudinally movable in the frame of the first bearing, radially movable clamps mounted in the bearing frame having .inwardly extending arms, at its upper and lower ends, conical surfaces on the second bearing for expanding the clamps, a motor supported on the second bearing, driving connectionsl between the motor and shaft, and a spring inter posed between the first bearing and the boring head for moving the head away from the bearin 6. A ho eboring ap aratus having a boring head, a shaft slida ly keyed to the head, a bearing for the shaft above the boring head, a frame extending from said bearing, a second bearing for the shaft'longitudinally movable in the frame of the first bearing, radially movable clamps mounted in the bearing' frame having inwardly extending arms at its upper and lower ends,V conical surfaces on the second bearing for expanding the clamps, a motor supported on the second bearing, driving connections between the motor and shaft, a clamp frame supported' on lthe motor, radially movable clamps in the clamp frame, a longitudinally movable weightin the frame, and clamp spreading means associated with the weight and' clamps for spreading the clamps.

7. A hole boring a aratus having a boring' head, a shaft sli a ly keyed to the boring head, a thrust bearing, one element of the thrust bearin being arranged to rotate with the boring ead, an expansion spring interposed between said bearin element and the boring head, a frame exten ing from another element of the thrust bearin radially movable clamps in said frame, a s aft bearing longitudinally movable in said frame, cooperating means on the clam s and said last mentioned bearing for sprea ing the clamps, an extension on said last mentioned bearing, a motor supported on said extension, driving connections between said motor and the shaft, a second clamp 4frame supported on the motor, radially, movable clamps in the second frame a weight movable mounted in the frame between the last mentioned clamps, coo rating means on the weight and clamps or spreading the clam s, means on the weight and second clamp rame for supporting the entire ap aratus when the weight is lifted, and a ifting cable connected to the weight.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto se! my hand.

TADEUSZ ZALUSK I.

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